How are we working together?
The Province and First Nations continue to advance collaborative approaches to watershed security by fostering trust, strengthening relationships and engaging in ongoing, reciprocal dialogue. The Province has chosen to focus on priority actions that directly support watershed security – improving water permitting, reviewing water rentals and developing a watershed governance framework.
The B.C.–First Nations Water Table (Water Table), convened in June 2022, remains a central forum for joint dialogue and consensus-building. The Water Table, made up of First Nations delegates (the Water Caucus) and provincial representatives, provides a venue for developing shared recommendations to inform decision-makers. A joint secretariat, formed by the First Nations Fisheries Council and the Province, supports the Water Table and its subcommittees with coordination and technical expertise. The continued leadership of the Water Table contributes meaningfully to reconciliation and strengthens shared approaches to watershed protection.
The Province and Modern Treaty Nations work together through dedicated pathways that reflect each Nation’s governance structures, priorities and engagement preferences. This collaborative work has included government-to-government processes, joint meetings and facilitated workshops. Together, these approaches help strengthen long-term, respectful relationships that support shared watershed stewardship engagement across watershed planning initiatives and remain tailored to the priorities of each Nation, local government and region. The Province continues to prioritize working alongside First Nations to co-develop water sustainability plans, identify local objectives and support shared decision-making in watershed stewardship.
Are there challenges?
The Province and First Nations partners remain committed to strengthening watershed stewardship across B.C., while recognizing that capacity and resource constraints can influence the pace of progress. These shared challenges highlight the importance of clear prioritization and strong collaboration as the Province and partners advance this work together. Interest in water sustainability planning and watershed governance tools continues to grow, with a rising number of expressions of interest and requests for support. While this demand reflects increasing alignment around watershed security, limited capacity means that projects must be carefully sequenced to match available resources. This approach helps ensure that each initiative receives the appropriate attention and support needed to succeed.
With current resourcing, the Province is supporting five watershed projects in partnership with First Nations. Establishing well scoped project plans remains essential to setting shared expectations and providing a solid foundation for collaborative progress. At times, work may intersect with other planning processes or broader policy discussions, which can result in watershed-related dialogue occurring at larger tables. While this can extend timelines, it also provides opportunities to align efforts and integrate watershed stewardship into complementary initiatives, ultimately strengthening outcomes.
Despite these challenges, the Province and First Nations continue to work closely to prioritize actions and maintain momentum. Ongoing collaboration, careful planning and shared leadership remain central to advancing watershed stewardship across the province.
Highlights
The Province and First Nations continue to strengthen collaborative approaches to watershed security through shared forums such as the Water Table. These spaces remain central to advancing reconciliation and addressing watershed issues of shared concern. Engagement with First Nations, including Treaty First Nations and regional partners, continues to guide efforts related to improving water permitting, reviewing water rentals and exploring approaches that could support future watershed governance.
Together, partners are focusing on practical actions that support watershed security, including work to improve water permitting processes, to review water rental fees and explore collaborative governance approaches. First Nations partners and local communities have also identified priority needs such as drought preparedness, flood resilience, drinking water protection and opportunities to streamline regulatory processes linked to watershed health.
The Watershed Security Fund (Fund) continued to advance community driven watershed work in 2025.Established in 2023 with a $100 million provincial endowment, the Fund generates annual grant funding for watershed projects. In 2024/25, an additional $7 million contribution from the Real Estate Foundation of BC supported a second intake of 28 projects across the province, supporting First Nation and community led efforts to restore and protect watersheds. The First Nations Water Caucus with the First Nations Fisheries Council of BC acting as its secretariat–and the Real Estate Foundation of BC are providing interim stewardship for the Fund.
Local watershed governance and planning also continue to progress. For example, the Xwulqw’selu (Koksilah) Water Sustainability Plan is under active co-development with Cowichan Tribes. Also, the Nicola Watershed Governance Partnership continues advancing work toward a co-developed plan on the Nicola watershed with the Nicola 5 (Upper Nicola Band, Lower Nicola Indian Band, Coldwater Indian Band, Nooaitch Indian Band and Shackan Indian Band).
Previous years’ progress
Highlights
The Water Table and the First Nations Water Caucus were critical spaces for co-developing the Watershed Security Strategy while advancing reconciliation and implementing the Declaration Act. Co-developing a Watershed Security Strategy sets the stage for a transformative approach to watershed stewardship and shared decision-making. Continued collaboration with First Nations (i.e., through the Water Table, First Nations Water Caucus, Treaty First Nations and other First Nations) is critical to addressing watershed security issues of shared concern.
Work on the Watershed Security Strategy has shifted to implementation planning. The Water Table and First Nations Water Caucus have also begun to shift to implementation planning specifically identifying their role in the Watershed Security Strategy implementation and potentially expanding the focus. First Nations and communities continue to identify priority actions for watershed security including strengthening drought response and flood resilience, protecting drinking water, and streamlining permitting processes.
The Watershed Security Fund was established in 2023 with an initial endowment of $100 million. Investment yields are used to grant $3-5 million annually in watershed security projects. The fund is currently co-managed by the Real Estate Foundation of BC and the First Nations Water Caucus with support from the First Nations Fisheries Council. An initial 26 grant projects were announced in 2024, with future grant intakes expected to follow once a year.
Another priority is to strengthen local watershed governance and planning processes in collaboration with First Nations, watershed interest holders and communities. The Koksilah Water Sustainability Plan is under active co-development with Cowichan Tribes. The Nicola Watershed Governance Partnership is working towards designating the watershed for a water sustainability plan that will be co-developed with the Nicola 5 (Upper Nicola, Lower Nicola, Coldwater, Nooaitch and Shackan Band).
How are we working together?
The Province is committed to building trust and fostering sustained dialogue on watershed security through multiple pathways, including directly engaging with First Nations throughout the Watershed Security Strategy (the Strategy) development process. As this Strategy was developed, all First Nations in B.C. were invited to work with each other and with the Province in the ways of their choosing.
The B.C.-First Nations Water Table (Water Table) was convened in June 2022. This collaborative structure, made up of First Nations delegates and representatives from the Province, makes consensus-based, co-developed recommendations to decision-makers. The First Nations Fisheries Council and the Province form a Joint Secretariat supporting the Water Table and its subcommittees. The leadership and ongoing work of the Water Table is key to reconciliation and a new way forward for protecting and sustaining watersheds.
Pathways for direct partnership on the Strategy between Treaty First Nations and the Province continue to be built and set the stage for strengthened relationships around watershed stewardship. The Province works with Modern Treaty Nations in ways of their choosing, including government-to-government conversations, joint meetings and facilitated workshops.
Engagement with First Nations is unique to each watershed planning project. The Province continues to work in partnership with First Nations to collaborate on developing water sustainability plans, setting community-based priorities and objectives and supporting shared decision-making.
Are there challenges?
The Province remains committed to strengthening watershed stewardship across B.C. and achieving the long-term vision proposed under the Watershed Security Strategy. Capacity and budgetary resource constraints may present barriers to the Province in implementing goals and actions outlined in this proposed strategy.
Despite these challenges, the Province will continue working with First Nations and other partners to prioritize key actions and support ongoing implementation. The Province is receiving a growing number of expressions of interest and requests for support in the use of water sustainability planning and watershed governance tools. Limited capacity may be an obstacle in meeting current demand. Projects will need to be prioritized and correspond to available resources.
With current resources, the Province supports six watershed projects in collaboration with First Nations. Adequate scoping of water sustainability planning projects remains a priority. Capacity constraints within Nations and the Province and overlap with other ongoing planning initiatives relating to water sometimes means that water discussions are included in other planning tables. This increases the overall effectiveness of planning efforts but may mean that the work proceeds at a slower pace.
Highlights
The B.C. First Nations Water Table is a long-term governance body focused on water and watershed issues of shared concern. The water table was established in June 2022 after a year of co-planning among First Nations and the Province. It is comprised of the First Nations water caucus – First Nation delegates from major watersheds across B.C. – and several provincial ministries. The water caucus and the water table have been important spaces for co-developing the Watershed Security Strategy, advancing reconciliation, implementing the Declaration Act and addressing watershed security issues of shared concern. As part of the creation of the water table, First Nations delegates have forged structures and processes for working together, building on existing First Nations-led strategies and initiatives.
As the Watershed Security Strategy reaches completion and transition to implementation commences, the work of the water table will also shift its focus to strategy implementation and to water and watershed issues and policy more broadly. The work of the water table is supported by subcommittees (e.g., watershed governance subcommittee). In 2024, the water table will undertake strategic planning to renew its focus. The First Nations Fisheries Council and the Province form a joint secretariat supporting the water table and its subcommittees.
How are we working together?
First Nations in B.C. continue to stress the importance of healthy water and watersheds as foundational to all life and livelihoods. To better protect and conserve B.C.’s watersheds, a ‘whole of watershed approach’ is needed where everything within a watershed is considered – from the water and land to the people, plants and animals – and decisions are made, taking each of these elements into account. To uphold and exercise First Nations’ rights meaningfully, B.C. must recognize First Nations’ rights and responsibilities to watersheds and move towards co-development and equal authority in decision-making to protect these ecologically sensitive systems. A distinctions-based approach forms the basis of consultation and co-operation with First Nations. First Nations and the Province each have goals related to watershed security focused on providing for the current and future generations of B.C.
For watershed-level projects, WLRS is working in partnership with First Nation(s) and co-developing the products (e.g., water sustainability plan, Water Sustainability Act objectives, shared decision-making framework, etc.) together in a manner that reflects both Western and First Nations ways of knowing and legal traditions. Engagement is typically monthly, although for some projects it may be more frequent. The work with the First Nation on each project is unique and is developed together. As an example of this work, the Xwulqw’selu Watershed Planning Agreement was signed by the Province and Cowichan Tribes on May 12, 2023. Cowichan Tribes was subsequently designated by the Minister of Water, Land and Resource Stewardship as the person responsible for developing the Xwulqw’selu (Koksilah) Water Sustainability Plan on December 12, 2023.
For ongoing work on the provincial-scale Watershed Security Strategy, the Province has taken a ‘multiple pathways’ approach to foster early and sustained dialogue with First Nations. The Province continues to work directly with interested First Nations, including Treaty Nations, to establish enduring and collaborative processes that reflect their distinct rights, histories and interests. To-date, outreach has included engagement letters to all First Nations in B.C., meetings, webinars, workshops and an open invitation for engagement and co-development of the strategy in ways that meet the needs of First Nations communities. Work to finalize the strategy continues with continued engagement of a broader set of stakeholders.
Because water crosses watersheds, territories and borders, the Province also seeks to work collaboratively through the BC-First Nations Water Table to jointly define, support, implement, and achieve water and watershed security for all people in B.C. The first priority of the water table has been co-development of the Watershed Security Strategy. The water table is now considering its role in strategy implementation.
Pathways for partnership on strategy implementation between the Province and First Nations, including many historic and Modern Treaty Nations are being built and will support enduring relationships focused on watershed security, stewardship and planning.
Establishing long-term processes to implement the strategy together supports opportunities to meaningfully uphold and exercise First Nations rights and help move towards co-development and equal authority in decision-making. Long-term processes also support the work needed to move towards healthier and more resilient watersheds through the building of strong collaboration and partnership. All First Nations are and will continue to be invited to work with provincial government staff directly in the manner of their choosing. This approach will continue as work under Action 2.07 continues.
Are there challenges?
One of the key challenges is having opportunities to work with all First Nations throughout B.C. Not all First Nations have the capacity and interest to participate at the water table or work with the Province directly (i.e. government-to-government) on strategy development and implementation. Some First Nations have expressed that the Province’s timelines often do not allow for their meaningful participation. Additionally, the priorities and interests of some First Nations do not always align with provincial priorities and interests. As the work to develop and implement the Watershed Security Strategy and Action 2.7 more broadly continues, a distinctions-based approach will continue to be used. The Province will continue to improve its approaches to be responsive to the ways of working together with First Nations.
In terms of resourcing, capacity is limited for both First Nations and the Province. The needs and interests around collaboration on Watershed Security Strategy co-development, implementation and water and watershed issues and policy already exceed existing capacity, and they continue to grow. Limited capacity may be an obstacle in moving ahead on strategy implementation and working with First Nations on policy, planning and governance issues more broadly should the interest and need exceed the available capacity. It is likely that priorities will be established and, through working together with First Nations, will be phased to mirror priorities and correspond to available resourcing.