Actions 1.04 and 1.05 guide the Province’s work to co-develop a new fiscal relationship and framework with Indigenous Peoples. The Province is consulting and co-operating on both actions through a single engagement process.
How are we working together?
The Province continues to share revenues across key sectors – including gaming, mining, forestry and energy – to strengthen the fiscal capacity of First Nations governments and enable long-term planning through stable revenue sources. Since 2020, the Province has shared $628 million with First Nations under the Long-Term BC First Nations Gaming Revenue Sharing and Financial Agreement. These arrangements reflect the Province’s commitment to ensuring First Nations benefit directly from economic activity in their territories and are positioned as full partners in B.C.’s economic future.
Over the past year, the Province has focused on growing British Columbia’s economy by accelerating mining, energy and infrastructure projects, and strengthening the key sectors foundational to the province’s long-term economic future. In this context, the Province continued to work closely with rights holders on a project-by-project basis to ensure First Nations share in the economic returns from development in their territories, including through resource revenue sharing, equity ownership and business opportunities. Taken together, these approaches help build stable, long-term revenues for both First Nations and the Province, supporting a stronger foundation for future development.
Work with the Alliance of BC Modern Treaty Nations is also being advanced and is reported on under Action 4.49.
Are there challenges?
In the past year, broad engagement with First Nations on the co-development of a renewed fiscal framework was largely on hold. This pause was in response to significant shifts in the economic and fiscal environment for the provincial government as well as the need to respond to urgent issues, leading the Province to prioritize project- and agreement-specific measures over longer-term structural reforms. Engagement undertaken prior to the pause reinforced the scale, complexity and multi year nature of this work.
Given this context, larger-scale changes to the fiscal framework were not achievable during this reporting period.
Highlights
The Province has continued to advance targeted opportunities to improve fiscal relationships with First Nations in the current environment.
In January 2026, the Province and the Tahltan Central Government reached an historic milestone by jointly making regulatory decisions on the reopening of the Eskay Creek gold-silver mine through the first ever Declaration Act section 7 agreement. The decision reflects a strong government-to-government partnership between the Province and the Tahltan Central Government, grounded in respect, collaboration and shared stewardship.
The Province is working with First Nations and the B.C. business sector to develop strong economic partnerships. To support this work, the Province is formally launching the First Nations Equity Financing Program (FNEFP) in spring 2026. The program will support equity financing opportunities for First Nations to have meaningful participation in projects within British Columbia, where there is shared interest and readiness with the Province. Through the use of the First Nations Equity Financing Special Account and partnerships with First Nations, businesses, lenders and the federal government and its agencies, the program will help ensure that provincial equity loan guarantees and other tools are responsive to First Nation investment priorities. The Ministry of Finance worked with First Nations organizations, provincial government ministries, the federal government and the B.C. business community to develop the FNEFP design and implementation.
Previous years’ progress
Highlights
The Province has continued to review and consider the significant input from First Nations received over the previous two years. The Province continues to explore opportunities for renewing co-development of a New Fiscal Framework with First Nations in this new environment.
In support of economic reconciliation, the Province is working with First Nations and the B.C. business sector to develop strong economic partnerships. To support this work and create economic growth, the Province announced the intent to develop what would become the First Nations Equity Financing Program (FNEFP) in Budget 2024. This program will facilitate First Nations equity investment by providing loan guarantees for projects where there is a shared interest. The program’s intent is to address barriers many First Nations face accessing capital to gain meaningful representation in projects in their own territories. The Ministry of Finance held discussions with First Nations organizations, provincial government ministries, the federal government and the B.C. business community to develop the FNEFP design and implementation.
The Province is also coordinating with the federal government on its National Indigenous Loan Guarantee program announced in late 2024, as well as the federal Canada Infrastructure Bank and First Nations Financing Authority which also provides assistance for First Nations equity financing.
How are we working together?
Actions 1.04 and 1.05 guide the Province’s work to co-develop a new fiscal relationship and framework with Indigenous Peoples. The B.C. government is consulting and co-operating on both actions through a single engagement process.
Working together, the Province is building a stronger B.C. through partnerships and agreements that create economic opportunities, good jobs, and help build a better future for all.
The Ministry of Indigenous Relations and Reconciliation is continuing to plan next steps on the co-development of a new fiscal framework. Engagement to date has reinforced the complexity of this work. An evolving fiscal and political climate has signaled the need to assess how a new fiscal framework will support shared objectives. This includes recognizing First Nations rights, advancing self-governance and self-determination, as well as adapting and supporting the broader economy for all British Columbians in the face of tariffs and economic uncertainty.
Work with the Alliance of BC Modern Treaty Nations is also being advanced and is reported on under Action 4.49.
Are there challenges?
This work was paused during the provincial election and lengthy post-election period, only to be resumed in the context of significant economic and fiscal uncertainty.
A constrained and potentially volatile fiscal climate across all levels of government and general economic uncertainty has added significant complexity for the Province in co-developing a new fiscal framework. In light of this, new approaches to advancing work under these actions may be required.
Highlights
The release of the ‘New Fiscal Framework’s ‘What We Heard’ report in April 2023 highlights the significant time and effort that First Nations and the Province invested in co-developing a new fiscal framework. The report summarizes the variety of perspectives and ideas raised by First Nations. It also underscores the complexity of the work and the transformational changes required to achieve a principled new fiscal framework between the Crown and First Nations governments. Going forward, the ‘What We Heard’ report provides a foundation to identify shared principles that reflect feedback from First Nations and apply the principles to the development of new fiscal tools and arrangements.
A key theme of the ‘What We Heard’ report is the strong interest among many First Nations to move beyond current revenue sharing approaches, which are seen as transactional. In response to this feedback, in March 2024 the Province implemented a new approach to accommodation in the Forest Consultation and Revenue Sharing Agreement (FCRSA) program. Under this new approach, the requirement for First Nations to agree that FCRSA funds are an accommodation will be removed from the agreement template. The Province will continue to consider the funds provided through FCRSA agreements as recognition of First Nation’s economic interests and as such, as a contribution to accommodation. However, First Nations are no longer required to contractually agree as a condition for receiving the revenue.
As co-development of a new fiscal framework continues, the Province will also maintain the increase to FCRSA revenue sharing rates announced in April 2022. Under these increased rates, the Province is expected to share about $162 million in forestry revenues with First Nations in fiscal year 2023/24.
Budget 2024 announced that the Province is taking action to support First Nations and the B.C. business sector in developing strong economic development partnerships through the development of a provincial First Nations Equity Financing Framework. This framework will establish tools to support equity financing opportunities for First Nations. This framework includes equity loan guarantees and potentially other supports that begin to address the systemic barriers many First Nations face in gaining meaningful representation in projects where there is shared interest and readiness with the Province.
How are we working together?
Specific consultation and co-operation activities undertaken to date include: a discussion paper released in November 2022, followed by a virtual engagement opportunity; participation at the First Nations Leaders’ Gathering in November 2022; province-wide engagement during the fall of 2022 and winter 2023, including bilateral government-to-government meetings with First Nations and participation at regional meetings hosted by the First Nations Forestry Council; and the release of a ‘What We Heard’ report in April 2023.
Given the broad scope of the new fiscal framework, engagement with First Nations across the province will be required over the five-year span of the Declaration Act Action Plan and beyond. To date, this engagement has focused on co-developing principles for a new fiscal framework and on co-developing a new approach to forestry revenue sharing. Engagement with key stakeholders in the forest sector and elsewhere is also ongoing.
The Province is continuing to work with Modern Treaty Nations as part of the collaborative fiscal process on fiscal policy and taxation to implement Action 1.04 and the Shared Priorities Framework.
Are there challenges?
The scale of the work and the variety of perspectives involved pose a capacity and project management risk to the implementation of this action. The Province will need to ensure that its approach to co-development honours the time and expertise of First Nations governments and leaves space for the diverse interests, priorities and needs of First Nations to be incorporated.
The variety of perspectives raised during the engagement process to date have underscored the complexity of co-developing a new fiscal framework. The Province understands that the new fiscal framework cannot be a ‘one-size-fits-all’ model. First Nations have different values and worldviews, as well as resources in their territories. As a result of this complexity, current timelines have not matched what was anticipated in the discussion paper. On forestry revenue sharing, the Province will be re-engaging with First Nations to continue co-developing options for a new model to replace FCRSA program.
The Province and First Nations must be confident that co-developed options will support the shared objectives of recognizing and implementing rights, advancing self-governance and self-determination, and supporting the broader economy for all British Columbians.
Highlights
In 2022, the Province began an intensive co-development process with First Nations, focused on the vision, principles and objectives of a new fiscal framework and co-development of options for a new forestry revenue sharing model with First Nations. Through this process, the Province received a clear message of change: a new fiscal framework must support a fundamental shift in the way governments work together and support an integrated, rights-based approach to decision-making, stewardship and benefits sharing. This is important work that will support a transition away from the short-term transactional approach of the past towards a new fiscal framework that recognizes, respects and supports Indigenous Peoples’ right to self-determination and self-government.
Indicators
- Strategic engagement underway: New Fiscal Framework Discussion Paper sent to every First Nation in B.C.
- Number of engagement participants in programs and events: 94 First Nations provided feedback on the Discussion Paper (in writing or at meetings).
How are we working together?
- The New Fiscal Framework Discussion Paper released in November 2022, followed by virtual engagement session in January 2023
- First Nations Leaders’ Gathering in November 2022
- Provincial Forestry Forum in November 2022
- Provincewide engagement Fall 2022/Winter 2023
A key focus of the engagement process has been on government-to-government engagement at tables where the Province has made commitments around co-developing a new fiscal framework or new revenue sharing arrangements.
The Ministry of Finance consulted with Modern Treaty Nations on the Budget 2023 measures for treaty property taxation.
Are there challenges?
Given the scale of the work, the commitment to co-develop a new fiscal framework with Indigenous Peoples poses risks from a project management and capacity perspective, for both the Province and First Nations’ governments and organizations. The Province will need to offer a range of consultation and co-operation opportunities during the full five-year span of the Action Plan to ensure it can engage comprehensively with Indigenous Peoples in a way that reflects their diverse interests, needs and priorities.